Abstract :Introduction: As T. Dobzhansky said, since “nothing in biology makes sense except in the
light of evolution”, the increasing diseases and deaths caused by hospital acquired infections by
multiresistant germs such as Acinetobacter baumannii cannot be understand or fought efficiently
without an evolutionary approach.
Methods: A clinical and epidemiological study between 2012 and 2017 was conducted surveying
hospital records about patient, time and place information for 2175 cases of hospital acquired
infections and culture and antibiograms of each sample.
Results: We found an increased number and tendency of A. baumannii hospital acquired infections,
and a widened diversity of those infections types. Also, there was a increased resistance toward
several antibiotics.
Conclusions: Acinetobacter baumanni showed an increased importance and diversification in the
incidence of hospital acquired infections. This relevance is result of its evolutionary process of genetic
variation that enabled it to evade hospital hygiene, to overcome microorganism competitions, to
diversify and amplify its virulence, and to develop antibiotic multiresistance.